February 16, 2015
ASU SIMS facility shrinks geochemical analysis into the nanometer regime
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TEMPE, Ariz. - Two secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) laboratories in the Bateman Physical Science Complex were recognized as hotbeds of scientific research, thanks to the expertise of researchers in Arizona State University's School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) and the School of Molecular Sciences (DCB). Professors Richard Hervig, Lynda Williams, and Christy Till of SESE and Professor Peter Williams and postdoctoral researcher Maitrayee Bose of DCB have been awarded $1 million over the next three years to operate their joint laboratories as a national facility for research into the Earth Sciences using this high-sensitivity microbeam analysis technique.
SIMS is an analytical tool permitting measurements of elemental concentration and isotope ratios on extremely tiny areas, so that chemical and isotopic variability on scales from a few micrometers down to several nanometers can be determined.
Currently, ASU has one of the most extensive arrays of SIMS instrumentation and SIMS expertise in the world. The ASU researchers have been consistently on the leading edge of innovation in micro-elemental analysis. SIMS research at ASU dates back to 1984 with the acquisition of a Cameca (Paris) ims3f ion microscope by Peter Williams, capable of analysis in few-micrometer areas. A more modern and more powerful ims6f microscope was added in 1999 under the leadership of Hervig. Continuing the tradition of being at the leading edge of the instrumentation, Peter Williams (with Hervig, Lynda Williams and other ASU researchers) spearheaded the acquisition of a Cameca NanoSIMS instrument in 2011, with the capability to analyze areas as small as tens of nanometers.
This combination of instruments enables applications to a broad range of scientific problems, including analyses of a wide variety of natural and synthetic inorganic materials from this planet and others, semiconductors and even biological materials.
"We have been operating as an NSF-funded national facility since early 2007," says Hervig, professor in ASU's School of Earth and Space Exploration and director of the ASU SIMS facility. "The 2015 renewal allows us to continue to operate as a facility, and makes the NanoSIMS instrument as well as the existing 6f SIMS lab accessible to students, researchers and faculty."
On the national stage, this facility is a key player in the mix of instrumentation that is required to conduct state-of-the-art microanalytical geochemistry and petrology.
The SESE researchers are widely known for applying their technique to analyze tiny grains in meteorites thought to pre-date our solar system, small fragments of explosive eruptions, clays and nanopores in oil-shale, and characterization of slow elemental and isotopic diffusion in a variety of earth materials, including volcanic minerals.
"With the ability to analyze elemental concentrations in zoned crystals on the nanometer scale using NanoSIMS, we are now able to reconstruct the life history of a magma up to just a few hours before a volcanic eruption and determine the triggers for explosive volcanic eruptions at volcanoes including Yellowstone," says Till, an assistant professor in the School of Earth and Space Exploration.
Hervig has developed many SIMS techniques for geochemistry and applied them to natural samples from this and other planets as well as a variety of synthetic materials. Lynda Williams has used this technique on a range of materials at the organic/inorganic interface, specifically on the role of nanopores in understanding more about the properties of oil shales (and the environmental impact of mining them).
ASU also has built a reputation for developing novel analytical applications and instrumentation and for fundamental research aimed at understanding the ion formation process. While a central focus of the SESE researchers is on earth science problems, the lab is open to others, and the team commonly works with materials scientists and electrical engineers on campus and in the ASU Research Park, in addition to microbiologists and chemists.
Geochemists from around the world travel to the NSF-funded National SIMS Facility on ASU's Tempe campus to use the instruments. Since 2007, from 2 to 12 people (undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, senior research scientists, and faculty) have visited the ASU facility each month. They are usually from the US, but also include visitors from other countries.
One of the anonymous proposal reviewers stated: "We all know that the devil is in the details, and it seems that the scale at which the demons operate gets smaller and smaller with each new advancement in analytical capability. Being able to analyze samples with both the normal and NanoSIMS at the ASU facility will open up new frontiers in our understanding of geological problems, and especially in the ability to examine the timescales of geologic processes." Another reviewer lauded the facility as "one of the most creative and original SIMS labs in the nation."
Speaking on behalf of the co-investigators, Hervig said, "We are flattered to be recognized for our scientific leadership and excited at the prospects for unprecedented nanometer-scale geochemical analyses now possible with the incorporation of the new NanoSIMS instrument into the facility. This is high praise for the senior members of the team, but we are particularly pleased that the NSF reviewers agreed with our emphasis on involving younger researchers - Till and Bose - who are pushing the limits of NanoSIMS analysis in the earth and space sciences."